Essentially, ethnography is a set of qualitative, open-ended approaches that
provide an in-depth study of subjects (consumers or customers) in their natural
environment within context of a specific process, situation, occasion, product
or service. It’s more than just another qualitative study.
Ethnography and Story Telling
Story telling is a powerful communication technique. It is our natural way
we relay information to one another. It's also great tool for ethnography
and for innovation. The ethnographer uses many techniques to gather the
information. They then build the true story about the subject and the
process they are studying.
The story telling aspect of ethnography helps bring the data to life. That
helps create a deep understanding about the topic of interest throughout the
innovation team and their organization. Having a deeper understanding
enables innovators to imagine better solutions in products and services as well
as how to make the emotional connections that drives business success.
Some of Innovare's ethnographic
techniques:
We typically use a combination of techniques and triangulate to truly describe
"What's going on in the subjects world." This provides a comprehensive
understanding regarding the topic of interest.
Non-Interactive
Observations:
This is literally being the fly on the wall. For example, sitting in public
elementary school classrooms in various regions and communities. Watching changes in the level of student engagement
associated with different instructional approaches and materials. Or
perhaps, observing a
variety of metal workers and welders operating in differing application
environments to uncover opportunities to enhance personal safety and work
integrity.
The key is to be open for the unexpected event, the unconscious
behaviors that take place, the unintended consequences, and the natural
work-arounds that subjects create to overcome problems in their
environment.
To Innovare's Ethnographic Approach Overview
On-Site Depth Interviews:
Highly open-ended interviews where the
subjects tell of their experiences and stories while the interviewer
listens for leads that create the needed insights to describe “what is
going on here.” For example, when participants use expressions
from the lexicon of their experience, such as “good days” and “bad
days,” the interviewer asks for more detail. Perhaps a simple probing
question. Tell me what a “good” day is like for you. This leaves
the response open to the experiences and categories of the participant
inviting the participant to frame and explore his or her own views of a
good day.
To Innovare's Ethnographic Approach Overview
Photo Essays, Video, and Subject Diaries:
Photography allows the researcher to provide visual examples that
reinforce the subject’s story. This brings a high level of
connectedness between the client team and the research findings.
If a picture is worth a thousand words, consider the impact of bringing a video record of “a day in the subject’s life” into the
innovation team, to senior management, or throughout your marketing and sales teams.
It strengthens organizational understanding
about the consumer's or your customer's experiences, perceptions, values and needs.
Video ethnography adds another dimension to the research. It is a highly
efficient discovery and communication device and a key tool for the ethnographic
researcher.
What could be more direct than having the subject capture their story?
At times we have
subjects create their own record such as through pre-interview
assignments.
Before the interview we provide the subject with a camera or a diary. They are instructed to capture what they find important
regarding the topics of interest. They keep an on-going log of their experiences and impressions for a period of time.
This technique provides a rich set of data useful to stimulate
thoughtful discussion during subsequent depth interviews.
To Innovare's Ethnographic Approach Overview
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